上海专修西门子数控伺服电机故障维修1FK7084电机刹车故障

一、电动机不能起动

1、电动机不转也没有声音。原因是电动机电源或绕组有两相或三相断路。首先检查是否有电源电压。如三相均无电压，说明故障在电路；若三相电压平衡，故障在电动机本身。这时可测量电动机三相绕组的电阻，找出断相的绕组。

2、电机不转，但有“嗡嗡”的响声。测量电机接线柱，如三相电压平衡且为额定值可判为严重过载。

检查的步骤是，首先去掉负载，若电动机的转速与声音正常，可以判定过载或负载机械部分有故障。若仍然不转，可用手转动一下电动机轴，如果很紧或转不动，则测三相电流，如三相电流平衡，但比额定值大则有可能是电动机的机械部分被卡住、电动机缺油、轴承锈死或损坏严重、端盖或油盖装得太斜、转子和内膛相碰（也叫扫膛）。若用手转动电动机轴到某一角度感到比较吃力或听到周期性的“嚓嚓”声，可判断为扫膛。其原因有：(1)轴承内外圈之间间隙太大，需更换轴承；（2）轴承室（轴承孔）过大，长期磨损造成内孔直径过大。应急措施是电镀一层金属或加套，也可在轴承室内壁上冲些小点；（3）轴弯曲、端盖止口磨损。

3、电动机转速慢且伴有“嗡嗡”声，轴振动。如测得一相电流为，另两相电流大大超过额定电流，说明是两相运转。其原因是电路或电源一相断路或电动机绕组一相断路。

小型电动机一相断路时可用兆欧表和万用表或校灯检查。检查星形或三角形接法的电动机时，必须把三相绕组的接头拆开，分别测量每相是否断路。中等容量的电动机其绕组大多采用多根导线并绕多支路并联，如果断掉若干根或断开一条并联支路检查则比较复杂。常采用三相电流平衡法和电阻法，一般三相电流（或电阻）值相差大于5％以上时，电流小（或电阻较大）的一相为断路相。

实践证明，电动机断路故障多发生在绕组的端部、接头处或引线处等部位。

上海仰光电子科技有限公司

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